ABSTRACT
Background: Rubella infection occurring during early pregnancy results in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). WHO estimates that worldwide more than 100,000 children are born with CRS each year and most of them are in the developing countries. For assessing population immunity against rubella, sero-surveys are generally recommended among adolescent girls and reproductive age female. In India, sero-surveys conducted by different authors have indicated that about 10-30% of adolescent females are susceptible to rubella infection. Adolescent girls are selected because they are at a critical stage of child bearing age and their immunity against Rubella infection is the particular area of interest. objective of this study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of unvaccinated adolescent girls susceptible to Rubella virus infection attending a tertiary care hospital of Patna and then accordingly counsel for vaccination.Methods: A total 150 adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 years who had not received MMR vaccine were included in the study. Serum IgG antibody titer for rubella was estimated by the ELISA method.Results: A total 65.33% of the adolescent girls were found to be rubella seropositive and (34.67%) were seronegative. The urban adolescent girls had a higher seropositivity of 85.2% as compared to rural adolescent girls.Conclusions: The study indicates that a substantial number of adolescents (34.67%) are seronegative and hence susceptible to rubella infection.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common problemamong women in developing countries. It is the herniationof uterus into or beyond the vagina often accompanied byprolapse of vaginal walls involving the bladder or rectum orboth. This study was done to determine its prevalence andidentify the risk factors so that advice could be given to preventits occurance and also to find out the current managementpractices in uterine prolapse.Material and methods: During the study period (2014-2018)a total of 224 cases of prolapse reported in GynaecologyOPD. Prevalence was calculated to be 1.05% of the total OPDregistrations of our department.Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 49.5years. The most common presenting complaint was somethingcoming out per vaginum (73.1%). Majority had paritybetween 2 to 6. 84.5% had vaginal home delivery and 15.4%had hospital vaginal delivery. Most patients presented withthird degree uterovaginal prolapse (58.7%). Vault prolapseconstituted 11.3%. Associated cystocele was present in35.7%, and rectocele in 14.2% of cases. The most commonpredisposing factor identified was unsupervised homedelivery. Pessary application(n=25) and Kiegel’s exerciseadvice (n=102) were done on OPD basis.Conclusion: Improvement in general health, propercontraception and institutional delivery is required to preventprolapse.Treatment should be tailored according to age andrequirement.